What is Immune System?
Immune system is a vast network of cells tissues and organs that coordinates and defenses your body against any threats to your health. Without this system your body get exposed to bacteria viruses or fungus, which may give you a slight infections or it can sue your life(fatal).
How Immune system works?
Usually Immune system depends on white blood cells which incorporates in killing viruses or bacteria in your body. They are diversified and play their role depending upon the situation and purposes.
Leucocytes
Leucocytes are white blood cells produced in bone marrows, there are several others like eosinophils, basophils etc.… Varies depending on the role they perform. Travels into the blood stream and migrates through the lymphatic system. A network of cells which helps to clear out the toxins or wastes from our body cells. Almost 4000 – 11000 in every micro liter act as security and constantly search for any threads in our body that is suspicious.
Constantly rely on substances called antigen that indicates the presence of invaders. As soon as they detect them it takes about minutes to get react to them and thus our immune system kicks in. Since there are many different types of threads, leucocytes adapts to it. And takes several forms to tackle threads in different ways.
Phagocytes and Lymphocytes
Above said Leucocytes are further classified into two main groups which coordinates the attack. Phagocytes trigger the release of macrophages which destroys the foreign cells simply by consuming them. Also identifies the thread and send signals to the second one. T-cells go search of infected cells and swiftly kill them off. Meanwhile B-cells and helper T-cells creates antibodies a special form of protein with the help of antigens. Each antigen has unique antibodies that they match like puzzles. B cells produce millions of the antibodies until the thread is neutralized.
While everything is going on, the increase in body temperature or swelling aids in the process of immune response. When body cells get damaged they leak a fluid. Resulting in swelling which can be sensed by phagocytes and kick starts the immune system. The special purpose of immune system is its long term adaptations. If the same thread is identified by our immune system, our body use the antibodies. Thats how you develop immunity to certain disease.
Immune system response to vaccine
Our health falls in two various effect that is protective effect (against the vaccine disease) and non specific effect (on other disease). The thing is when you get vaccination our body know the purpose of defense on specific disease. At the same time they also has an effect on another disease which may be helpful or it may be devastating.
Why the struggle for creating vaccine ?
The urge for producing vaccine for specific disease not only depends upon that disease. Also depends majorly contributing to immune system of each individuals. Their way of producing vaccine is extremely difficult. As we know how the immune system works but we don’t know how it works for each individual.
Lets say a person asks, “Hey doc how’s my kidney doing?”. We have bunch of test so that we can accurately say the health of the persons kidney and medications. But if a person asks, “How’s my immune system working?”. We don’t have good way of measuring the immune system. And we haven’t established a standard form of intervening and strengthening our immune system individually. We cannot replicate this in a lab or to a rat experiment of specific cure since they are highly complex.
After sixty years of understanding in immunology we still have not accomplished an effective way of dealing with diseases due to its complexity. But thanks to technology the immunology revolution happening from a decade ago. That will take us where we are and where we need to be. In order to actually use it for health care and being able to manipulate it. We can run many data points with blood samples and effective way of diagnosing that goes beyond genetics and incorporate our life history.
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